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  青岛大学学报(医学版)  2021, Vol. 57 Issue (5): 642-645   DOI: 10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2021.57.134
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871049)

引用本文 [复制中英文]

宓晓晴, 谢俊霞, 宋宁. 侧脑室注射α-突触核蛋白对黑质和纹状体单胺氧化酶B表达的影响[J]. 青岛大学学报(医学版), 2021, 57(5): 642-645.   DOI: 10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2021.57.134
[复制中文]
MI Xiaoqing, XIE Junxia, SONG Ning. EFFECT OF INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR INJECTION OF Α-SYNUCLEIN ON THE EXPRESSION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE B IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA AND THE STRIATUM[J]. Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences), 2021, 57(5): 642-645.   DOI: 10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2021.57.134
[复制英文]

作者简介

宓晓晴(1995-),女,硕士研究生.

通讯作者

宋宁(1980-),女,博士,教授,硕士生导师。E-mail:ningsong@qdu.edu.cn.

文章历史

收稿日期:2021-01-09
修订日期:2021-05-14
侧脑室注射α-突触核蛋白对黑质和纹状体单胺氧化酶B表达的影响
宓晓晴 , 谢俊霞 , 宋宁     
青岛大学医学部基础医学院生理学与病理生理学系, 山东 青岛 266071
摘要目的 探讨侧脑室注射α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)对小鼠黑质和纹状体区单胺氧化酶B(MAO-B)蛋白表达以及运动功能的影响。方法 将8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为生理盐水组以及0.04、0.20和2.00 ng的α-syn组,给予侧脑室连续注射生理盐水或α-syn共7 d,采用转棒实验检测小鼠运动能力,采用免疫印迹法检测小鼠黑质和纹状体区酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和MAO-B蛋白表达。结果 与生理盐水组相比,0.20和2.00 ng的α-syn组小鼠在转棒上运动时间明显缩短(F=4.877,P < 0.05),且纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达水平显著升高(F=9.662,P < 0.05),但0.04 ng的α-syn组小鼠运动水平和纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达水平均没有明显变化(P > 0.05)。各组小鼠黑质区TH和MAO-B蛋白表达水平比较差异均无显著性(P > 0.05)。结论 侧脑室注射α-syn可引起小鼠纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达增加和运动功能障碍。
关键词α突触核蛋白    输注,脑室内    纹状体    黑质    单胺氧化酶    小鼠    
EFFECT OF INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR INJECTION OF Α-SYNUCLEIN ON THE EXPRESSION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE B IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA AND THE STRIATUM
MI Xiaoqing , XIE Junxia , SONG Ning     
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266071, China
ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of α-synuclein (α-syn) on the expression of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the substantia nigra and the striatum of mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into normal saline group and 0.04, 0.20, and 2.00 ng α-syn groups. After intracerebroventricular injection of normal saline or α-syn was given for 7 consecutive days, the rotarod test was used to evaluate motor ability, and Wes-tern blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and MAO-B in the substantia nigra and the striatum of mice. Results Compared with the normal saline group, the 0.20 and 2.00 ng α-syn groups had a significant reduction in the time spent on the rotating rod (F=4.877, P < 0.05) and a significant increase in the protein expression level of MAO-B in the striatum (F=9.662, P < 0.05), while the 0.04 ng α-syn group had no significant changes in motor ability and the protein expression level of MAO-B in the striatum (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the protein expression levels of TH and MAO-B in the substantia nigra between these groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Intracerebroventricular injection of α-syn can increase the protein expression of MAO-B in the striatum of mice and induce impairment of motor ability.
KEY WORDS: alpha-synuclein    infusions, intraventricular    corpus striatum    substantia nigra    monoamine oxidase    mice    

帕金森病(PD)是第二大常见的神经退行性疾病,其确切病因至今尚未完全明了[1-3],其主要病理特征为黑质致密部多巴胺(DA)能神经元缺失和路易小体(LB)形成,临床主要表现有肌强直、静止性震颤、运动迟缓以及姿势不稳等[4-7]。α-突触核蛋白(α-syn)是SNCA编码的由140个氨基酸组成的小分子蛋白质,是LB的主要成分[8-10]。大量研究结果表明,PD等突触核蛋白病病人脑脊液中的α-syn水平较正常人显著降低[11-12]。然而,长期追踪调查发现,PD病人脑脊液中的α-syn水平会随着疾病进展逐渐回升,而且α-syn水平的升高与PD病人后期运动功能的下降存在紧密联系[13-14]。单胺氧化酶B(MAO-B)是一种线粒体膜蛋白,是单胺类神经递质的主要氧化脱氨酶,可分解DA产生3, 4-二羟基苯基乙醛(DOPAL)等代谢产物[15-16]。有文献报道,α-syn以及α-syn 1~103片段均可直接结合MAO-B而增强其酶活性,最终导致DA能神经元变性[17]。本文通过给予小鼠侧脑室注射不同浓度α-syn,以评价其运动功能以及纹状体和黑质区MAO-B蛋白表达的变化。现将结果报告如下。

1 材料和方法 1.1 实验动物及主要试剂

实验动物:SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠,8周龄,体质量(20±2)g,购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,饲养于可自由饮水取食、室温(19±2)℃、湿度(50±5)%、昼夜循环光照(12 h/12 h)的清洁环境中。主要试剂:α-syn购自美国rPeptide公司;酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)一抗购自德国Sigma公司;MAO-B一抗购自美国GeneTex公司;Rabbit Anti-β-actin购自中国博奥森公司;Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG二抗购自中国爱必信公司。

1.2 动物分组与处理

将40只实验小鼠随机分为生理盐水组(A组)以及0.04、0.20和2.00 ng α-syn组(B、C、D组),每组10只。小鼠用异戊烷麻醉后固定在脑立体定位仪上。剪开小鼠颅脑背侧皮肤,用体积分数0.03的过氧化氢溶液擦拭颅骨表面至颅缝和前后囟清晰可见。确定坐标(右侧侧脑室立体定位坐标为前囟后0.3 mm、右旁开1.0 mm、深度2.2 mm)后,将长5.2 mm的套管垂直埋入侧脑室2.2 mm。以1 μL/min的流量注射生理盐水或α-syn 2 μL,每天1次,连续7 d。

1.3 转棒实验

小鼠在旋转棒上适应2 min后,将旋转棒转速设置为4~40 r/min,使小鼠随旋转棒自主运动,记录小鼠在旋转棒上运动的时间。测量2次(间隔30 min)取平均值。

1.4 免疫印迹法检测TH和MAO-B蛋白表达

小鼠断头,根据小鼠大脑图谱取纹状体和黑质样本并称质量。按照25 μL/mg的比例向样本中加入蛋白裂解液,充分研磨后以12 000 r/min离心20 min,取上清,用BCA试剂盒检测蛋白浓度,加入1/4体积的Loading Buffer后95 ℃金属浴5 min。处理好的蛋白样本进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后转膜(0.45 μm的PVDF膜)。以50 g/L的脱脂奶粉室温封闭2 h后加入一抗TH(1∶3 000)、MAO-B(1∶1 000)、β-actin(1∶10 000)4 ℃孵育过夜,次日用山羊抗兔二抗(1∶10 000)室温孵育1 h,ECL方法显影。用Image J软件分析条带灰度值,TH和MAO-B蛋白表达水平以目的蛋白与内参β-actin条带灰度值的比值来表示。

1.5 统计学处理

应用Prism 5软件进行统计学分析。计量资料以x±s形式表示,采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA检验)进行多组均数的比较,继以Tukey方法进行两两均数间的比较。P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 侧脑室注射不同浓度α-syn对小鼠行为学的影响

生理盐水组以及0.04、0.20和2.00 ng α-syn组小鼠在旋转棒上运动的时间分别为(221.867±38.855)、(213.905±63.634)、(145.556±54.844)和(138.111±40.932)s,4组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.877,P < 0.05)。两两比较结果显示,与生理盐水组相比较,0.04 ng α-syn组小鼠运动时间无明显变化(P > 0.05),而0.20和2.00 ng α-syn组小鼠的运动时间明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义(q=3.907、4.288,P < 0.05)。

2.2 侧脑室注射不同浓度α-syn对纹状体区TH和MAO-B蛋白表达的影响

本研究4组小鼠纹状体区TH蛋白表达比较差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。4组小鼠纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达比较差异有统计学意义(F=9.662,P < 0.05)。两两比较结果显示,与生理盐水组相比较,0.04 ng α-syn组小鼠纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达水平没有明显的变化(P > 0.05),0.20和2.00 ng的α-syn组小鼠纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达水平显著升高(q=4.281、6.993,P < 0.05)。见表 1

表 1 各组小鼠纹状体区TH和MAO-B蛋白表达水平比较(n=6,x±s)
2.3 侧脑室注射不同浓度α-syn对黑质区TH和MAO-B蛋白表达的影响

本研究4组小鼠黑质区TH和MAO-B蛋白表达比较差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。两两比较结果显示,与生理盐水组相比,各浓度α-syn组小鼠黑质区TH和MAO-B蛋白表达水平均没有明显改变(P > 0.05)。见表 2

表 2 各组小鼠黑质区TH和MAO-B蛋白表达水平比较(n=6,x±s)
3 讨论

编码α-syn的SNCA是首个被人们发现的与PD相关的常染色体显性遗传基因[18]。无论是在遗传性PD还是在散发性PD中,α-syn均可以在DA能神经元中积聚形成LB[19]。生理状态下的α-syn通常被认为是舒展的可溶性结构,但当其浓度升高时α-syn易聚合折叠形成寡聚体,对神经元膜有毒性作用,可改变膜渗透性,导致钙大量内流,引起膜除极;也可引起细胞氧化损伤,导致细胞死亡[20]。细胞内的α-syn还可以被释放到细胞外。人的脑脊液和血浆中存在一定浓度的α-syn[21]。大量研究发现,PD病人脑脊液中的α-syn水平降低[11-12],但随着疾病进展,α-syn水平回升且与病人的认知、运动功能紧密相关[13-14]

单胺氧化酶是在中枢神经系统和外周神经系统中催化DA、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素等单胺类神经递质的主要氧化脱氨酶。MAO-B通过分解DA产生DOPAL并产生活性氧(ROS)物质和内源性神经毒素[16]。年龄相关的MAO-B表达增加与自由基损伤和ROS增加存在密切关联,可导致神经元线粒体功能降低,导致黑质致密部神经元活力降低以至神经变性[22]。MAO-B抑制剂常被作为有效的PD治疗药物[23-24]。本研究结果表明,侧脑室注射α-syn 7 d可引起C57BL/6小鼠纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达升高和运动功能障碍,但黑质区MAO-B蛋白表达不变。MAO-B主要位于星形胶质细胞,在星形胶质细胞激活时MAO-B蛋白表达明显上调,因此MAO-B可能作为星形胶质细胞激活的生化标记物[25]。α-syn可以通过Toll样受体4(TLR4)激活星形胶质细胞[26]。因此我们推测,纹状体MAO-B表达升高可能与侧脑室注射的α-syn到达纹状体后激活星形胶质细胞有关,这尚需在后续实验中进一步证实。此外,MAO-B是DA酶解途径之一,当MAO-B表达增加时,一方面MAO-B可促进DA分解;另一方面,DA分解产生的DOPAL还可以激活δ分泌酶,在N103位置裂解α-syn。α-syn以及α-syn 1~103片段均可直接结合MAO-B而增强其酶活性[17, 27]。我们推测,MAO-B表达和活性的增加,可能在未造成DA能神经元损伤之前(本实验观察到黑质和纹状体区TH表达均不变)显著促进了纹状体区DA的分解,造成了小鼠运动功能障碍。与其他脑区相比较,黑质中星形胶质细胞分布相对较少[28],这可能是侧脑室注射α-syn未引起黑质区MAO-B蛋白表达变化的原因。

综上所述,侧脑室注射α-syn可引起C57BL/6小鼠纹状体区MAO-B蛋白表达增加和运动功能障碍。本文研究结果为进一步探讨脑脊液中α-syn的变化影响PD疾病进程提供了新的实验思路和理论依据。

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