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  青岛大学学报(医学版)  2020, Vol. 56 Issue (1): 40-44   DOI: 10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.034
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青岛市市南区科技计划项目(2016-3-047-YY)

引用本文 [复制中英文]

于洁, 孙威, 高苏苏, 等. 非小细胞肺癌RAGE/S100P与STAT3/Pim1表达及意义[J]. 青岛大学学报(医学版), 2020, 56(1): 40-44.   DOI: 10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.034
[复制中文]
YU Jie, SUN Wei, GAO Susu, et al. EXPRESSION OF RAGE/S100P AND STAT3/PIM1 IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE[J]. Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences), 2020, 56(1): 40-44.   DOI: 10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.034
[复制英文]

作者简介

于洁(1995-), 女, 硕士研究生.

通讯作者

于文成(1965-), 男, 硕士, 主任医师, 博士生导师。E-mail:qdyuwencheng@163.com.

文章历史

收稿日期:2019-10-17
修订日期:2020-01-15
非小细胞肺癌RAGE/S100P与STAT3/Pim1表达及意义
于洁 , 孙威 , 高苏苏 , 牟沧浪 , 张亚楠 , 于文成     
青岛大学附属医院呼吸内科, 山东 青岛 266003
摘要目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)/S100P、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)表达及其意义。方法 收集NSCLC及其癌旁组织标本各40例, 应用Western blot方法和RT-PCR方法检测其RAGES100PSTAT3Pim1的表达, 并分析不同临床病理特征病人的表达差异。结果 肺癌组织中RAGE蛋白表达明显低于癌旁正常组织, 两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.756, P < 0.05);S100P、STAT3和Pim1蛋白在肺癌组织中表达明显高于癌旁正常组织, 两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.414~10.141, P < 0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示, 与癌旁正常组织相比, RAGE mRNA在癌组织中表达明显减少(t=21.530, P < 0.05), 而S100P、STAT3、Pim1 mRNA在癌组织中表达明显增多(t=10.430~13.640, P < 0.05)。RAGE mRNA表达量在腺癌组织中高于鳞癌组织, 在高中分化组织中表达高于低分化组织, 在伴有淋巴结转移的癌组织中表达明显低于不伴有淋巴结转移癌组织, 差异有统计学意义(t=2.157~2.908, P < 0.05)。S100P mRNA在鳞癌组织中的表达高于腺癌组织, 在低分化组织中表达高于高中分化组织, 在伴有淋巴结转移癌组织中的表达高于不伴有淋巴结转移癌组织, 差异有统计学意义(t=2.132~2.590, P < 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示, NSCLC组织RAGE表达与S100P表达、STAT3表达呈负相关(r=-0.430、-0.417, P < 0.05), STAT3表达与S100P表达、S100P表达与Pim1表达、Pim1表达与miR-21表达呈正相关(r=0.324~0.337, P < 0.05)。结论 RAGE、S100P及STAT3、Pim1可能参与NSCLC的发生发展。
关键词癌, 非小细胞肺    高级糖化终产物受体    S100蛋白    信号转导和转录激活因子3    Pim1    
EXPRESSION OF RAGE/S100P AND STAT3/PIM1 IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
YU Jie , SUN Wei , GAO Susu , MOU Canglang , ZHANG Ya′nan , YU Wencheng     
Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/S100 calciumbinding protein P (S100P) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue and its significance. Methods NSCLC and paracancerous tissue samples each were collected from 40 patients and were tested for the expression of RAGE, S100P, STAT3, and Pim1 using Western blot and RT-PCR; meanwhile, the samples were analyzed for expression differences between patients with different clinicopathological characteristics. Results The protein expression of RAGE in cancerous tissue was significantly lower than that in normal paracancerous tissue (t=5.756, P < 0.05). The protein expression of S100P, STAT3, and Pim1 in cancerous tissue was significantly higher than that in normal paracancerous tissue (t=2.414-10.141, P < 0.05). The RT-PCR results showed that the cancerous tissue had significantly reduced mRNA expression of RAGE (t=21.530, P < 0.05) but significantly increased mRNA expression of S100P, STAT3, and Pim1 (t=10.430-13.640, P < 0.05) as compared with normal paracancerous tissue. The mRNA expression levels of RAGE were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma tissue, highly and moderately differentiated tissues, and cancerous tissue without lymph node metastasis than in squamous cell carcinoma tissue, poorly differentiated tissue, and cancerous tissue with lymph node metastasis, respectively (t=2.157-2.908, P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of S100P were significantly lower in adenocarcinoma tissue, highly and moderately differentiated tissues, and cancerous tissue without lymph node metastasis than in squamous cell carcinoma tissue, poorly differentiated tissue, and cancerous tissue with lymph node metastasis, respectively (t=2.132-2.590, P < 0.05). A Pearson's correlation analysis showed that RAGE expression was negatively correlated with the expression of S100P and STAT3 in NSCLC tissue (r=-0.430, -0.417, respectively, P < 0.05), while the expression of STAT3, S100P, and Pim1 was positively correlated with the expression of S100P, Pim1, and miR-21, respectively (r=0.324-0.337, P < 0.05). Conclusion RAGE, S100P, STAT3, and Pim1 may be involved in the development and progression of NSCLC.
KEY WORDS: carcinoma, non-small-cell lung    receptor for advanced glycation end products    S100 proteins    activator of transcription 3    Pim1    

肺癌是我国发病率和死亡率均较高的一种恶性肿瘤, 其中非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)占肺癌病人的80%~85%[1]。多数病人早期无明显症状及体征, 就诊时多处于中晚期, 治疗困难, 预后较差。早期肺癌治疗以手术切除为主, 中晚期肺癌手术切除配合放化疗、靶向治疗及免疫治疗等综合措施[2-3]。肺癌发生发展涉及多种细胞因子、多条信号通路, 其发病机制一直是研究热点。晚期糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)是一种跨膜的信号转导受体, 属于免疫球蛋白超家族, 与相关配体结合后, 会激活胞内多种信号转导通路, 引起相应的生物学效应[4-5]。RAGE在恶性肿瘤如肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌及前列腺癌等的表达异常增加, 与癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭及肿瘤的分期和预后等密切相关[6-10]。S100蛋白(S100P)属于钙结合蛋白家族, 可以与RAGE结合介导肿瘤如黑色素瘤的发生[11-12]。信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)为常见癌基因之一, 其异常激活与肿瘤的生物学效应密切相关[13-14]Pim-1是一种癌基因, 有研究表明Pim-1是细胞因子信号通路传导的下游效应因子, 能够通过改变细胞周期调节因子的活性而缩短细胞周期, 参与调控细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡[15]。本文研究采用Western blot和RT-PCR方法, 分别检测NSCLC病人癌组织及其癌旁组织中RAGE、S100P、STAT3和Pim1蛋白和基因表达, 分析其在病人不同临床病理特征下的差异性表达, 旨在探讨以上因子在NSCLC中的表达和意义。

1 材料与方法 1.1 标本及其来源

标本来自2018年4—8月青岛大学附属医院胸外科手术切除且病理证实为NSCLC的病人(均由两位病理医师独立诊断), 共40例, 男24例, 女16例; 年龄43~81岁, 中位年龄61岁。病人临床资料完整, 术前均未行其他抗肿瘤治疗。标本为每例病人的肺癌组织及对应的癌旁正常肺组织(距癌灶边缘5 cm)。研究经青岛大学附属医院伦理委员会批准, 并获得病人知情同意书。

1.2 RAGE、S100P、STAT3等蛋白表达检测

采用Western blot方法进行检测。取冻存肺组织, 每250 mg组织加入1 mL RIPA裂解液, 使用匀浆器于冰上研磨组织静置30 min; 4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心10 min, 取上清液; 行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳, 湿转法转移至PVDF膜上, 然后用50 g/L脱脂奶粉封闭2 h, 分别加入含对应一抗Anti-RAGE、Anti-S100P、Anti-STAT3、Anti-Pim1(赛尔生物, 天津)的Blotto, 4 ℃摇床孵育过夜; 再加入HRP标记山羊抗兔IgG二抗(abcam, USA)Blotto于37 ℃室温下静置孵育1.5 h, 将膜置于TBST溶液中摇动漂洗5 min, 共4次; Western LightningTM Chemiluminescence Reagent显色剂(PerkinElmer, 美国)中显色30 s。最后用LabWorksTM凝胶成像及分析系统(UVP, 美国)进行摄像, 计算各组蛋白条带的灰度值, 以其表示各蛋白表达。

1.3 RAGES100PSTAT3Pim1 mRNA表达检测

采用RT-PCR方法。充分研磨冻存NSCLC组织及癌旁正常肺组织, 加入适量裂解液, 离心, 取上清液, 应用Trizol法提取组织总RNA; 将3 μL总RNA加入到13.5 μL反应体系中进行反转录, 得到cDNA。荧光定量PCR(Takara, Japan)方法扩增RAGES100PSTAT3Pim1β-actinU6sn-RNA基因。循环参数为:94 ℃、4 min; 94 ℃、30 s, 56 ℃、30 s, 72 ℃、30 s; 共40个循环。各样品目的基因和管家基因分别进行荧光定量PCR反应。目的基因扩增产物的相对含量用2-△△Ct表示。各基因引物序列见表 1

表 1 RT-PCR引物碱基序列
1.4 统计学分析

应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析, 计量资料结果用x±s形式表示, 数据间比较采用t检验; 相关性分析采用Pearson相关检验法。P < 0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果 2.1 两种组织中RAGE、S100P、STAT3及Pim1蛋白表达比较

与癌旁正常组织相比, 肺癌组织中RAGE蛋白表达明显减少(t=5.756, P < 0.05), S100P、STAT3、Pim1蛋白表达明显增高, 差异均有统计学意义(t=2.414 ~10.141, P < 0.05)。见图 1表 2

N:癌旁组织, C:肺癌组织。 图 1 两种组织RAGE、S100P、STAT3、Pim1蛋白表达的Western blot检测

表 2 两种组织中RAGE、S100P、STAT3、Pim1蛋白表达比较(n=12, x±s)
2.2 肺癌以及癌旁组织中RAGES100PSTAT3Pim1 mRNA表达比较

与癌旁正常组织相比较, 肺癌组织中的RAGE mRNA表达明显减少, S100PSTAT3以及Pim1 mRNA表达明显增多, 差异有显著性(t=10.430~21.530, P < 0.05)。见表 3

表 3 两种组织RAGE、S100P、STAT3Pim1 mRNA相对表达量比较(n=40, x±s)
2.3 不同临床病理参数肺癌病人RAGES100P基因的差异性表达

RAGES100P mRNA表达与肺癌病人的性别、年龄、癌组织大小均无关(P>0.05);腺癌组织RAGE mRNA表达明显高于鳞癌组织, 高中分化组织表达高于低分化组织, 伴有淋巴结转移肺癌组织中的表达明显低于不伴有淋巴结转移肺癌组织, 差异均有统计学意义(t=2.157~2.908, P < 0.05);S100P mRNA在鳞癌组织中的表达明显高于腺癌组织, 在低分化组织中的表达明显高于高中分化组织, 在伴有淋巴结转移的癌组织中的表达明显高于不伴有淋巴结转移的癌组织, 差异有统计学意义(t=2.132~2.590, P < 0.05)。见表 4

表 4 RAGES100P mRNA表达与NSCLC病人临床病理参数的关系(x±s)
2.4 NSCLC组织RAGE、S100P与STAT3/Pim1及miR-21表达相关性

NSCLC组织中RAGE的表达与S100P表达、STAT3表达呈负相关(r=-0.430、-0.417, P < 0.05), STAT3表达与S100P表达、S100P表达与Pim1表达、Pim1表达与miR-21表达均呈正相关(r=0.324~0.337, P < 0.05)。

3 讨论

RAGE作为一种模式识别受体, 可以与多种配体结合介导疾病的发生发展。RAGE在肺泡上皮细胞中呈高表达, 维持肺泡的正常形态结构及稳定性, 介导肺泡上皮细胞与基底膜的黏附; RAGE减少可导致去极化和去分化, 细胞功能破坏, 与肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移有关[16]。已有研究结果发现, RAGE在胃癌、胰腺癌、乳癌等中高表达[6, 8-9], 但在肺癌组织中低表达, 被认为发挥抑癌基因的作用[5]。目前, 对于RAGE-配体结合在肿瘤中的调控机制的研究越来越多, 其主要的配体S100家族在其中发挥着重要的作用[17]。S100P与RAGE结合后可以导致ERK1/2发生磷酸化, 激活MAPK/ERK信号途径[18]。有研究表明, S100P在结肠癌、胰腺癌等高表达[19-21], S100P可能通过与整合素α7相互作用活化激酶FAK和AKT而促进肺癌细胞的转移和侵袭[22]。在体实验和细胞实验发现, Keap1-Nrf2轴可以通过靶向S100P而抑制肺腺癌的迁移和进展[23]; AGER/RAGE介导的自噬可能通过IL-6/STAT3信号途径促进胰腺癌的发生[24]。本文研究结果表明, 肺癌组织RAGE蛋白表达低于正常组织, S100P、STAT3和Pim1蛋白表达明显高于正常组织。此外, 我们还发现与癌旁组织相比, 肺癌组织中RAGE mRNA表达明显减少, S100PSTAT3Pim1 mRNA表达明显增多, 与其蛋白水平表达情况一致。说明肺癌病人RAGE表达减少, S100P、STAT3、Pim1表达增多。有研究发现RAGE在肺癌组织中表达较低[5], 基因芯片技术筛选出的差异性基因包括S100P等参与早期NSCLC[25], JAK/STAT3活化参与NSCLC的发生发展[26], Pim1在肺腺癌中过表达与肿瘤的侵袭、转移有关[27], 本文研究结果与以上文献报道基本一致。本文分析了不同临床病理参数NSCLC病人RAGES100P mRNA表达差异, 结果显示RAGES100P表达在不同年龄、性别、肿瘤大小病人间差异无统计学意义; RAGE在NSCLC腺癌中表达较高, S100P在鳞癌中表达较高, 提示两者可能与肺癌的病理形态特征有关; RAGE在高中分化NSCLC组织中表达较高, 在无淋巴结转移的NSCLC组织中表达较高; 而S100P在低分化NSCLC组织中表达较高, 在有淋巴结转移的肺癌组织中表达较高, 提示两者可能影响肿瘤的生物学行为, 其异常表达可能与肿瘤的增殖、侵袭和转移有关。RAGE在正常肺组织中高表达, 可发挥信号传导功能和黏附分子的作用, 维持正常细胞的增殖、代谢、死亡等; 在某些内外刺激的作用下被降解或表达下调, 从而导致其调控的下游分子异常表达介导肿瘤发生。结合对其他恶性肿瘤的研究, RAGE及其配体S100P在肿瘤发生发展中的作用机制复杂, 在NSCLC中两者可能存在不同于其他肿瘤中的负反馈调节机制或者拮抗作用, 其对肿瘤的作用可能具有双向性, 具体作用取决于组织细胞的类型、细胞所处的微环境和相应的上下游分子等, 有待进一步证实。

MELOCHE等[28]通过体外实验发现, STAT3可以依赖RAGE激活Pim1, 通过促进转录因子NFAT的表达而促进血管内皮细胞的增殖和抗凋亡; RAGE低表达可减少STAT/Pim1/NFAT的活化, 逆转大鼠损伤的冠脉血管重塑。BLOCK等[29]对胰腺癌细胞研究发现, IL-6可以激活STAT3, 上调Pim1的表达, 同时IL-6的表达也会因此升高, 从而对肿瘤的进展产生正反馈的作用。结肠癌组织中氧化应激反应产生的活性氧可抑制JAK2/STAT3通路, 从而抑制Pim1的表达。Pim1作为原癌基因其表达下调会抑制癌细胞生长, 促进癌细胞凋亡, 使其侵袭转移受限, 从而达到治疗的目的[30]。本文相关性分析显示, RAGE与S100P、STAT3可能存在拮抗作用, S100P、STAT3和Pim1存在协同作用。结合以上文献报道及本文研究结果, 推测RAGE、S100P、STAT3和Pim1及其他下游因子等信号通路可能参与NSCLC的发生发展, 有待于进一步研究证实。

NSCLC的发生发展是多因子、多因素共同作用的结果, 其确切机制目前还不明确。RAGE、S100P、STAT3和Pim1具有调控细胞增殖、侵袭、分化和凋亡等重要作用, 但是其在肺癌发生发展过程中的确切作用尚不清楚, 与临床疾病发展之间的关系尚需要进一步研究。

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